Momwe Mungachepetsere Kusintha kwa Ma Cutter mu Tunnel Boring kuti Muzichita Bwino

Mapulojekiti otopetsa a tunnel nthawi zambiri amakhala olemetsedwa ndi ndondomeko zolimba komanso kukwera mtengo kwa ntchito, pomwe kusintha kodula pafupipafupi kumawonekera ngati cholepheretsa. Kusintha kulikonse sikungoyimitsa ntchito yotopetsa kwa maola—nthawi zina ngakhale masiku—komanso kumawonjezera kuchulukira kwa ntchito, kutha kwa zida, ndi kuopsa kwa ntchito. Kwa magulu a mainjiniya omwe akuyesetsa kukulitsa luso la zomangamanga ndi kuwongolera mtengo wake, kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa masinthidwe ocheka chakhala cholinga chachikulu. Pansipa pali njira zotsimikiziridwa zokwaniritsira cholinga ichi, kuphatikiza kukhathamiritsa kwaukadaulo, kulondola kwa magwiridwe antchito, ndi kasamalidwe kokhazikika.

1. Pangani Kafukufuku Wokwanira wa Geotechnical pa Kusankha Odula Amene Akufuna

Mikhalidwe ya njira ya ngalandeyo imatsimikizira kuchuluka kwa mavalidwe ocheka. Kufufuza kwapang'onopang'ono kwa geotechnical kumatha kubweretsa mitundu yodula yosagwirizana, zomwe zimapangitsa kuwonongeka msanga. Kuti mupewe izi:

Ikani patsogolo kufufuza mwatsatanetsatane pansi pa nthaka, kuphatikizapo kupenda kulimba kwa miyala, kuphulika, kuphulika kwa fracture, ndi kukhalapo kwa mchere wonyezimira (mwachitsanzo, quartz). Gwiritsani ntchito matekinoloje apamwamba monga kujambula kwa borehole ndi kufufuza kwa zivomezi kuti mupange mapu amitundu yosiyanasiyana molondola.

Sankhani ocheka malinga ndi deta ya geological: Kwa miyala yolimba, yonyezimira, sankhani zodula ndi zinthu zosavala monga zoikamo za tungsten carbide kapena nsonga zowonjezera diamondi; kwa mapangidwe ofewa kapena osweka, sankhani odula omwe ali ndi geometry yokonzedwa bwino kuti mupewe kutsekeka ndikuchepetsa kuwonongeka.

Pamikhalidwe yosakanikirana ya geological, lingalirani makina odulira omwe amalola kusintha mwachangu masinthidwe odulira popanda kusinthidwa kwathunthu, kusintha kusintha kwa miyala panthawi yotopetsa.

2. Konzani Ma Parameter Otopetsa Kuti Muchepetse Kupanikizika Kosafunika Kodula

Zolakwika zogwirira ntchito ndizomwe zimapangitsa kuti ma cutter avale mwachangu. Kuwongolera magwiridwe antchito otopetsa ndi kusungitsa kocheka kumafuna kuwongolera kolondola kwa magawo:

Sinthani liwiro lolowera ndi liwiro lozungulira mwachangu. Kulowera kwapamwamba kwambiri kumawonjezera katundu wodula, pamene kuthamanga kwambiri kozungulira kumakulitsa kuvala kokangana. Khazikitsani malo osungirako zinthu zakale potengera zomwe zikuchitika nthawi yeniyeni, kuwonetsetsa kuti makinawo akugwira ntchito mkati mwa "malo oyenera kuvala."

Kuwongolera kukankha mwamphamvu mofanana. Kukankhana kosagwirizana kungayambitse kukhudzana ndi miyala, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti anthu azichulukirachulukira komanso kulephera msanga. Gwiritsani ntchito makina owongolera ma thrust kuti musunge kupanikizika kosasinthasintha kwa odula onse.

Chepetsani kugwedezeka ndi kugwedezeka. Ikani zida zonyowa pamakina otopetsa ndikupewa kuyambitsa/kuyimitsa mwadzidzidzi, chifukwa kugwedezeka kumatha kumasula zida zodulira ndikufulumizitsa kutopa kwazinthu.

3. Yambitsani Kukonza ndi Kuwunika kwa Proactive Cutter

Kusamalira zodzitetezera kumakhala kothandiza kwambiri kuposa kubwezeretsanso nthawi yocheperako. Kukonzekera mwadongosolo ndi kuwunika kungathe kukulitsa moyo wodula kwambiri:

Yendetsani zowonera nthawi zonse ndikuyezera mavalidwe. Konzani zowunika nthawi zonse pakapanda ntchito makina kuti muwone kutha kwa mano ocheka, momwe alili, komanso kulimba kwa bolt. M'malo mwa odulira mwachangu pamene mavalidwe afika pachimake chodziwikiratu (mwachitsanzo, 70% ya mavalidwe apamwamba ovomerezeka) m'malo modikirira kulephera kwathunthu.

Gwiritsani ntchito matekinoloje owunika nthawi yeniyeni. Konzekeretsani odula ndi masensa kuti azitsatira kutentha, kugwedezeka, ndi katundu munthawi yeniyeni. Phatikizani deta ya sensa ndi makina owongolera kuti adziwitse ogwiritsa ntchito mavalidwe osazolowereka, kupangitsa kusintha kwanthawi yake kapena kukonza.

Sungani bwino mafuta ndi kuyeretsa. Onetsetsani kuti ma bearings ocheka ndi zigawo zosuntha ndi zothira mafuta mokwanira kuti muchepetse kukangana, ndipo yeretsani odula pafupipafupi kuti achotse zinyalala zamwala zomwe zingayambitse kuvulaza kapena kutsekeka.

4. Limbikitsani Mapangidwe a Wodula ndi Kupanga Zinthu Zatsopano

Malondama vancements mu teknoloji yodula amapereka njira zothetsera nthawi yaitali zochepetsera ma frequency m'malo. Kuyika ndalama m'madulira ochita bwino kwambiri kumatha kubweretsa phindu lalikulu kudzera muutumiki wotalikirapo:

Sankhani zodulira zokhala ndi zokutira zapamwamba, monga titanium nitride (TiN) kapena kaboni ngati diamondi (DLC), zomwe zimakulitsa kukana komanso kuchepetsa kukangana.

Sankhani ma modular kapena masinthidwe ocheka. Izi zimalola kuti m'malo mwa zigawo zomwe zatha (mwachitsanzo, mano ocheka) m'malo mwa msonkhano wonse wodula, kuchepetsa zinyalala zakuthupi ndi nthawi yosinthira.

Gwirizanani ndi opanga ma cutter kuti mupange mayankho makonda. Pamikhalidwe yapadera yazachilengedwe, mapangidwe ocheka ogwirizana, monga kutalikirana bwino kwa mano kapena mawonekedwe apadera ansonga - atha kuwongolera kusagwira bwino ntchito.

5. Limbikitsani Maphunziro a Othandizira ndi Kulinganiza Zochita Zogwirira Ntchito

Zinthu zaumunthu zimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri m'moyo wodzicheka komanso wotopetsa. Ogwira ntchito ophunzitsidwa bwino amatha kuzindikira zizindikiro zoyambirira za zovala zocheka ndikusintha machitidwe moyenerera:

Perekani maphunziro athunthu pa kuwerenga kwa geotechnical, kusintha magawo, ndi kukonza zodula. Onetsetsani kuti ogwira ntchito amvetsetsa mgwirizano pakati pa zisankho zogwirira ntchito ndi magwiridwe antchito.

Khazikitsani njira zogwirira ntchito zokhazikika (SOPs) zoyambira, zotseka, ndi zofufuza mwachizolowezi. Letsani kugwira ntchito mwamakani komwe kumayika patsogolo liwiro kuposa kusungitsa odula.

Limbikitsani chikhalidwe chothana ndi mavuto mwachangu. Limbikitsani ogwira ntchito kuti afotokoze za machitidwe ocheka omwe sali bwino nthawi yomweyo ndi kutenga nawo mbali pazochitika zowonjezera, monga kugawana njira zabwino zochepetsera kuvala.

Mapeto

Kuchepetsa kusintha kwa ma cutter munjira yotopetsa ndikuyesa kosiyanasiyana komwe kumaphatikiza kumvetsetsa kwa geological, kukhathamiritsa kwaukadaulo, kukonza mwachangu, komanso kugwira ntchito mwaluso. Posankha odula oyenerera pantchitoyo, kukhathamiritsa magawo ogwirira ntchito, kugwiritsa ntchito kuwunika munthawi yeniyeni, kugwiritsa ntchito matekinoloje apamwamba, ndikuyika ndalama pamaphunziro a oyendetsa, magulu a uinjiniya amatha kukulitsa moyo wodulira, kuchepetsa nthawi yocheperako, komanso kukulitsa luso la polojekiti yonse. M'makampani omwe kupulumutsa nthawi ndi ndalama ndizofunikira kwambiri, njirazi sizimangothana ndi vuto lomwe nthawi zambiri limasinthidwa koma zimathandiziranso kuti ntchito zangazo zikhale zotetezeka komanso zotsika mtengo. Pamene ukadaulo wotopetsa wa ngalande ukupitilirabe kusinthika, kuvomereza njira zabwinozi kudzakhalabe kofunika kuti mukhalebe opikisana ndikukwaniritsa bwino ntchito.