Nigute Kugabanya Gukata Guhindura Inshuro muri Tunnel Kurambirwa kugirango Buzamure neza

Imishinga irambiranye ya tunnel ikunze kubuzwa na gahunda ihamye hamwe nigiciro kinini cyo gukora, aho gusimbuza inshuro nyinshi kugaragara nkikibazo gikomeye. Buri gihinduramatwara ntigihagarika gusa inzira irambiranye kumasaha - rimwe na rimwe ndetse niminsi - ariko kandi yongerera imbaraga abakozi, kwambara ibikoresho, hamwe ningaruka zumushinga. Amakipe yubwubatsi aharanira kunoza imikorere yubwubatsi no kugenzura ibiciro, kugabanya inshuro zo guhindura ibintu byabaye intego yibanze. Hano hepfo hari ingamba zagaragaye zo kugera kuriyi ntego, guhuza tekiniki nziza, gukora neza, hamwe nubuyobozi bukora.

1. Gukora Iperereza Ryuzuye rya Geotechniki yo Gutoranya Intego

Imiterere ya geologiya yinzira ya tunnel igena neza igipimo cyo kwambara. Ubushakashatsi bwibanze bwa geotechnique burashobora gutuma habaho ubwoko butandukanye bwo gukata, bikaviramo kwangirika imburagihe. Kugira ngo wirinde ibi:

Shyira imbere ubushakashatsi burambuye bwubutaka, burimo gusesengura ubukana bwurutare, gukuramo, ubwinshi bwimvune, hamwe nubutare bwamabuye y'agaciro (urugero, quartz). Koresha tekinoroji igezweho nka borehole yerekana amashusho hamwe nubushakashatsi bwibiza kugirango ushushanye itandukaniro rya geologiya neza.

Hitamo ibiceri bishingiye kumibare ya geologiya: Kubutare bukomeye, bwangiza, hitamo ibiti bifite ibikoresho birwanya kwambara nka tungsten karbide winjizamo cyangwa inama zongerewe na diyama; kubintu byoroshye cyangwa byavunitse, hitamo gukata hamwe na geometrie nziza yinyo kugirango wirinde gufunga no kugabanya ibyangiritse.

Kubijyanye n’imiterere ya geologiya, tekereza kuri sisitemu yo gukata yemerera guhinduranya byihuse ibishushanyo mbonera bitasimbuwe byuzuye, bihuza no guhindura imiterere yibitare mugihe kirambiranye.

2. Hindura ibipimo birambiranye kugirango ugabanye Stress idakenewe

Imikorere idakwiye nimpamvu nyamukuru yo kwihuta gukata. Kuringaniza imikorere irambiranye no kubika ibice bisaba kugenzura neza ibipimo:

Hindura igipimo cyo kwinjira no kwihuta cyane. Igipimo cyinshi cyane cyo kwinjira cyongera umutwaro, mugihe umuvuduko ukabije wihuta byongera kwambara. Shiraho ibipimo fatizo bishingiye kubitekerezo nyabyo bya geologiya, urebe ko imashini ikora muri "ahantu heza ho kwambara."

Kugenzura imbaraga zingana. Gusunika kutaringaniye birashobora gutuma umuntu ahura neza atagaragara mumaso yigitare, bigatuma umutwaro uremereye kandi unanirwa hakiri kare. Koresha uburyo bwikora bwo kugenzura kugirango ukomeze umuvuduko uhoraho mubice byose.

Mugabanye kunyeganyega no guhungabana. Shyiramo ibikoresho byo kumanika imashini irambiranye kandi wirinde gutangira / guhagarara gitunguranye, kuko kunyeganyega bishobora kugabanya ibice bikata kandi byihutisha umunaniro wibintu.

3. Shyira mubikorwa Gukata Gukora no Gukurikirana

Kubungabunga birinda ni byiza cyane kuruta gusimbuza reaction kugabanya igihe. Uburyo bunoze bwo kubungabunga no kugenzura burashobora kwagura ubuzima bugaragara:

Kora igenzura risanzwe kandi wambare ibipimo. Teganya gahunda isanzwe igenzurwa mugihe cyimashini idakora kugirango usuzume amenyo yo gukata amenyo, imiterere yikibazo, hamwe no gukomera. Simbuza ibishishwa witonze iyo kwambara bigeze ku mbibi zateganijwe (urugero, 70% yimyambarire yemewe) aho gutegereza gutsindwa byuzuye.

Emera tekinoroji yo gukurikirana-igihe. Koresha ibikoresho bya sensor kugirango ukurikirane ubushyuhe, kunyeganyega, no kwikorera mugihe nyacyo. Huza amakuru ya sensor hamwe na sisitemu yo kugenzura imashini kugirango umenyeshe abakoresha uburyo bwo kwambara budasanzwe, bigushoboza guhinduka mugihe cyangwa kubungabunga.

Komeza gusiga neza no gukora isuku. Menya neza ko ibyuma bikata hamwe nibice byimuka bisiga amavuta bihagije kugirango bigabanye ubukana, kandi ibyuma bisukuye buri gihe kugirango bikureho imyanda ishobora gutera kwambara nabi cyangwa gufunga.

4. Kongera igishushanyo mbonera no guhanga udushya

Advancement muburyo bwa tekinoroji itanga ibisubizo birebire byo kugabanya inshuro zisimburwa. Gushora imari mubikorwa byo hejuru birashobora gutanga inyungu nyinshi binyuze mubuzima bwa serivisi:

Hitamo imashini zifite ibikoresho byateye imbere, nka nitride ya titanium (TiN) cyangwa karubone isa na diyama (DLC), byongera imbaraga zo kurwanya no kugabanya ubushyamirane.

Hitamo kubishushanyo mbonera cyangwa guhinduranya ibishushanyo mbonera. Ibi biremera gusimbuza gusa ibice byambarwa (urugero, amenyo yo gutema) aho guterana kwose, kugabanya imyanda nigihe cyo kuyisimbuza.

Gufatanya nabakora ibicuruzwa kugirango utezimbere ibisubizo byihariye. Kubintu bidasanzwe bya geologiya, ibishushanyo mbonera byateganijwe - nko gutandukanya amenyo meza cyangwa imiterere yihariye - birashobora kunoza imyambarire no gukora muri rusange.

5. Shimangira amahugurwa y'abakoresha no guhuza ibikorwa

Ibintu byabantu bigira uruhare runini mubuzima bwo gutema no gukora neza. Abakozi batojwe neza barashobora kumenya ibimenyetso byambere byo kwambara no guhindura imikorere bikurikije:

Tanga amahugurwa yuzuye kubijyanye no gusoma geotechniki, guhindura ibipimo, no gufata neza. Menya neza ko abashoramari bumva isano iri hagati yicyemezo cyimikorere nigikorwa cyo gukata.

Shiraho uburyo busanzwe bwo gukora (SOPs) bwo gutangira, guhagarika, no kugenzura bisanzwe. Gabanya ibikorwa byubugizi bwa nabi bishyira imbere umuvuduko wo kubika ibicuruzwa.

Guteza imbere umuco wo gukemura ibibazo. Shishikariza abashoramari gutanga raporo yimyitwarire idasanzwe kandi bakagira uruhare mubikorwa byogutezimbere, nko gusangira uburyo bwiza bwo kugabanya kwambara.

Umwanzuro

Kugabanya impinduka zoguhindura inshuro muburyo bwo kurambirwa kumurongo nigikorwa cyinshi gihuza imyumvire ya geologiya, gutezimbere tekinike, kubungabunga ibikorwa, no gukora ubuhanga. Muguhitamo ibice bikwiye kumurimo, guhitamo ibipimo ngenderwaho, gushyira mubikorwa kugenzura-igihe, gukoresha ikoranabuhanga rigezweho, no gushora imari mumahugurwa yabakozi, amatsinda yubwubatsi arashobora kwagura cyane ubuzima bwogukata, kugabanya igihe cyateganijwe, no kuzamura imikorere muri rusange. Mu nganda aho umwanya no kuzigama ari byo byingenzi, izi ngamba ntizikemura gusa ikibazo cyihutirwa cyo gusimbuza inshuro nyinshi ahubwo binagira uruhare mugutanga neza imishinga itunganijwe neza kandi ihendutse. Mugihe tekinoroji irambiranye ya tunnel ikomeje kugenda itera imbere, kwakira ibyo bikorwa byiza bizakomeza kuba urufunguzo rwo gukomeza guhatana no kugera kubikorwa byiza.