Iipropati zeTungsten Metal Powder

Ukusebenza kwe-tungsten powder kunempembelelo ebalulekileyo ekusebenzeni kokusebenza kunye nomgangatho weemveliso ezilandelayo. Ke ngoko, zombini intsimi ye-alloy eqinile kunye nentsimi yokusetyenzwa kwezinto ze-tungsten ziye zabeka phambili iimfuno ezihambelanayo zokucoceka kweekhemikhali kunye neepropathi ezibonakalayo zomgubo we-tungsten ekrwada, ngakumbi iimfuno zepropathi ezibonakalayo ziya phezulu nangaphezulu. 

Ukucoceka kweekhemikhali

Xa kusenziwa i-carbide enesamente kunye neemveliso ze-tungsten, ukucoceka kweekhemikhali ze-tungsten powder kufuneka kube phezulu. Izinto ezishiyekileyo zokungcola kwi-tungsten powder zinefuthe ekusebenzeni kokusebenza kunye nokusebenza kwenkonzo yeemveliso. Impembelelo inzima kakhulu, kwaye enye iyingozi kwaye iluncedo. Uphando lwangoku lubonisa ukuba i-Ca, Mg, P, As, Si, S, Fe, Ni, Cu, Al, kunye ne-Mo inokunciphisa amandla e-alloy, ngelixa i-K kunye ne-Na ikhuthaza ukukhula kweenkozo zeWC. I-V kunye ne-Cr, kwelinye icala, inqanda ukukhula kweenkozo. Ukuba umxholo we-Mo kwi-WO udlula i-0.5%, uya kubangela ukuhla kwamandla e-flexural ye-alloy. Kwiintlobo ezininzi ze-tungsten powder eziveliswayo ngoku, umxholo wobumdaka obuyintsalela yesinyithi (ngaphandle kwezo zongezwe njengezongezo) ukuluhlu lwamalungu ambalwa kwishumi lamawaka ukuya kwiindawo ezimbalwa kwikhulu lamawaka. 

Ioksijeni kwi-tungsten powder inokusabela kunye ne-carbides, ukufunxa ikhabhoni kwi-carbides kwaye ibangele i-decarburization ye-cemented carbide. Xa i-alloy i-decarburized kakhulu, isigaba se-γ sibonakala, senze i-alloy brittle. Igesi ekhutshwe kwi-reaction yandisa i-porosity ye-alloy kwaye iyanciphisa amandla ayo. Ngokuxhomekeke kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zokunciphisa kunye nezixhobo, umxholo we-oksijini kwi-tungsten powder ngokuqhelekileyo phakathi kwe-0.05% kunye ne-0.5%, kwaye iyanda ngokuhla kwe-tungsten ubungakanani be-particle kunye nokunyuka kwendawo ethile. Ngoko ke, imfuneko yomxholo we-oksijeni kwi-tungsten powder ecocekileyo kufuneka ikhululeke ngokufanelekileyo. Iimfuno zokucoceka kweekhemikhali ze-tungsten powder ziboniswa kwiThebhile 4-1, kwaye iimfuno zomxholo we-oxygen ziboniswa kwiThebhile 4-2.

Izinto ezingcolileyo kwi-tungsten powder zingavela kwizinto eziluhlaza okanye zifakwe ngexesha lenkqubo yokuvelisa. Ngoko ke, ukuthintela ukungcoliseka kwezinto ngexesha lenkqubo kubaluleke kakhulu. Ngokomzekelo, ekuveliseni i-tungsten powder usebenzisa i-APT njengento ekrwada, izinto eziphathekayo zidibana ngokuthe ngqo nesithando somlilo, i-tubes yokunciphisa i-furnace, kunye ne-crucibles, okubangelwa ukwanda komxholo wokungcola okufana ne-Fe, i-Ni, i-Cr, kunye ne-Si, kunye nokunciphisa ukuhlanjululwa kweekhemikhali. Xa umxholo wabo ufikelela kwinqanaba elithile okanye badityaniswa kubungakanani obaneleyo, banokuba yimithombo yeziphene zokuqhubekeka okanye ukusetyenziswa okulandelayo. Ngoko ke, ukuqinisekisa ukucoceka kwe-tungsten powder, ngaphezu kokulawula ngokungqongqo umgangatho we-APT yezinto eziluhlaza, kubaluleke kakhulu ukukhusela ukungcola ngexesha lenkqubo. 

2. IiPropati zoMzimba

Iimpawu ezibonakalayo ze-metallic tungsten powder zibandakanya ubukhulu becala, ubungakanani be-particle size distribution, particle aggregation degree, i-particle morphology, indawo ethile yendawo, ubuninzi bobuninzi, ubuninzi obudibeneyo, kunye nesantya sokuhamba kweHolo, njl. 

(I-avareji yobungakanani bamasuntswana kunye nokuhanjiswa kobungakanani besuntswana)

Ingaba i-carbide ene-cemented okanye iimveliso ze-tungsten, kukho iimfuno eziqinileyo zobukhulu be-particle size kunye nokusabalalisa ubungakanani be-tungsten powder. Kwintsimi ye-carbide ene-cemented, ubungakanani beengqungquthela kunye nokusabalalisa ubungakanani be-W powder buchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ubungakanani be-particle kunye nokusabalalisa ubungakanani be-powder eveliswayo yeWC. Ubungakanani be-particle ye-WC powder buchaphazela ngakumbi ukusebenza kweemveliso ze-carbide ze-cemented. 

Uphando lufumene ukuba iipropati ze-WC powder zithintelwe yizo ze-W powder. Emva kokuba i-W powder ifakwe i-carbonized ukwenza i-WC, ubungakanani be-particle yenzeka utshintsho oluncinci. Ukuvelisa umgubo weWC orhabaxa, ophakathi kunye nobukhulu besuntswana elicolekileyo, kufuneka kusetyenziswe umgubo orhabaxa, ophakathi kunye nocolekileyo. Ukungalingani kwe-W powder carbonization kubangela ukungalingani kwe-WC powder. Utshintsho kwi-powder particle size emva kwe-carbonization ye-coarse, medium and fine particle W powder iboniswe kwiThebhile 4-3.

Iimfuno ze-tungsten powder particle size ihluke phakathi kwabasebenzisi abahlukeneyo. Kwintsimi ye-alloy enzima, kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo ze-alloys ezinzima ezisetyenziselwa iinjongo ezahlukeneyo, ngenxa yobukhulu be-particle ye-WC powder esetyenzisiweyo, kukho iimfuno ezahlukeneyo zobukhulu be-particle size kunye nobukhulu be-particle ye-w powder eluhlaza. Zonke izixhobo zokusika zifuna i-W powder kunye ne-WC powder ukuba ibe nobukhulu obuncinci be-particle kunye nokusabalalisa ubungakanani obuncinci. Izixhobo zempembelelo zifuna i-W powder kunye ne-WC powder ukuba ibe rhabaxa, kunye nokusabalalisa ubungakanani bamasuntswana abanzi. Ubungakanani besuntswana eliqhelekileyo elisetyenziselwa ukulungiselela i-WC ecoarse-grained yi-25.8 μm. Ukusabalalisa ubungakanani be-particle yommeli we-W powder kuboniswe kuMzobo 4-1.

Ukulungiswa kwezinto ze-tungsten, ubungakanani be-particle size kunye nokusabalalisa ubungakanani be-particle ye-tungsten powder kunempembelelo ekusebenzeni ngokucinezela kweemveliso ezilandelayo, ubuninzi bomzimba oluhlaza (owaziwa ngokuba ngumzimba ocinezelweyo), kunye nokusebenza kwe-sintering. Ubungakanani bepowder encinci kunye neemilo eziyinkimbinkimbi ziya kubangela ukungqubuzana okukhulu phakathi kwamaqhekeza, okukhokelela ekunciphiseni ubuninzi bomzimba oluhlaza. Ubuninzi bokusabalalisa ubungakanani bamasuntswana, kokukhona amasuntswana alungelelaniswayo. Ukwabiwa kobungakanani bamasuntswana abanzi, okanye ukuxuba umgubo wobungakanani bamasuntswana ahlukeneyo, kunokufikelela kulungiselelo lwamasuntswana angcono kwaye ufumane amandla aphezulu omzimba aluhlaza. Kwintsimi yokulungiswa kwezinto ze-tungsten, ubungakanani be-particle ye-tungsten powder ngokuqhelekileyo kufuneka ibe phakathi koluhlu lwe-2 ukuya kwi-6 μm. 

Zininzi iindlela zokumisela ubungakanani besuntswana lomgubo kunye nokusabalalisa ubungakanani besuntswana. Izixhobo zeFischers kunye ne-laser particle size analyzer zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwi-tungsten powder. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yemigaqo eyahlukileyo yezi ndlela zimbini zokulinganisa, amaxabiso alinganisiweyo afunyenwe kumgubo ofanayo angahluka. Ke ngoko, ubungakanani besuntswana le-tungsten powder kufuneka buchazwe ngokubanzi njengobungakanani be-Fischers okanye ubungakanani be-laser. Ukongeza, kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba "ilizwe elinikezelweyo" i-tungsten powder ihlala inemigangatho eyahlukeneyo ye-agglomeration, ehambelana neemeko zemveliso. Umyinge we-particle ye-tungsten powder elinganiswa usebenzisa iisampulu ezinjalo zinokwahluka kwi-particle ye-particle ye-powder. Ngokomzekelo, ubungakanani besuntswana lomgubo we-tungsten ocolekileyo "kwimeko enikezelweyo" ngu-1-2 μm, kwaye emva kokuchithwa kunye nokusabalalisa, ixabiso lehla kwi-0.4-0.5 μm. Kwipowder ye-tungsten kunye nobukhulu be-particle kuluhlu lwe-1-10 μm, kwiimeko ezininzi, ukulinganisa "ilizwe elinikezelweyo" ubungakanani be-particle bungakwazi ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zokuvelisa. Kwi-submicron tungsten powder kunye ne-coarser tungsten powder, ukuze kubonakaliswe ngokuchanekileyo ubungakanani bamasuntswana, iisampulu "zokusila" kufuneka zisetyenziswe kwi-avareji yobungakanani bamasuntswana kunye novavanyo lokusabalalisa ubungakanani besuntswana. 

TUkuhanjiswa kobungakanani besuntswana lomgubo we-tungsten kuhambelana nobungakanani bamasuntswana. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ubukhulu be-particle ye-tungsten powder enkulu, ubukhulu besayizi yokusabalalisa. Ubungakanani obunikeziweyo, kwimveliso, iindlela ezifana nokusebenzisa i-hydrogen emanzi okanye ukongeza iikhompawundi zetsimbi ye-alkali kwi-tungsten oxide inokwenza ubungakanani be-particle bukhulu kwaye ilawule ubungakanani be-particle yokusabalalisa uluhlu oluncinci. Ukumiselwa kokuhanjiswa kobungakanani bamasuntswana kaninzi kuqhutywa kusetyenziswa iisampuli "zelizwe lomhlaba". 

Umyinge we-particle ye-tungsten powder ibonakaliswe ngokubanzi ngobubanzi bayo (kwi-micrometers). Nangona kunjalo, kwindlela yokuvelisa, ezinye iikhonsepthi ze-semi-quantitative zihlala zisetyenziswa. Iintlobo eziqhelekileyo ziquka: 

Amasuntswana arhabaxa kakhulu: Ubungakanani besuntswana eliphakathi > 30 μm; 

30 μm; 

Amasuntswana arhabaxa: Ubungakanani besuntswana eliphakathi kwe-10 ukuya kwi-30 μm; 

Iincinci ezinobungakanani obuphakathi: I-average ye-particle size 3 ukuya kwi-10 μm; 

Iincinci ezincinci: Umyinge wesayizi we-particle 0.5 - 3 μm; 

Iincinci ze-Ultrafine: ubukhulu be-particle size

(2) Isidanga sokudibanisa

Iqondo lokudityaniswa komgubo lidla ngokubonakaliswa ngumahluko kubungakanani besuntswana phakathi komgubo "welizwe elinikezelweyo" kunye nomgubo "welizwe lomhlaba". Iqondo lokudityaniswa komgubo we-tungsten ocolekileyo uphezulu ngokubanzi kunelo lomgubo we-tungsten orhabaxa. Ukuveliswa kwezinto ze-tungsten, i-degree aggregation ichaphazela ngokuthe ngqo amandla eqhekeza eliluhlaza. Kwinkqubo yokuveliswa kweWC, idigri yokudibanisa yomgubo inefuthe ekufaniseni ukuhanjiswa kwekhabhoni. 

(3) Ukumila kwesuntswana

I-particle morphology ye-tungsten powder inefuthe ekusebenzeni kwayo ngokucinezela kunye namandla omzimba oluhlaza. I-morphology ye-particle engaqhelekanga ikhokelela ekudibaniseni phakathi kweengqungquthela, ngaloo ndlela iphucula amandla omzimba oluhlaza. I-spherical tungsten powder ine-fluidity elungileyo kwaye ifaneleke ngakumbi kwizinto zokutshiza. Ngokufanayo, xa ulungiselela i-WC, i-morphology ye-tungsten powder nayo ichaphazela i-morphology ye-WC powder. 

(4) Indawo ethile yoMphezulu

Ummandla opheleleyo ojongene nobunzima beyunithi ye-tungsten powder ubizwa ngokuba ngummandla othile we-tungsten powder, odla ngokubonakaliswa kwiiyunithi ze-m2 · g-1. Indawo ethile yendawo ye-tungsten powder ngokuqhelekileyo isuka kwi-0.01 ukuya kwi-12 m2 · g-1. Ibonisa ngokungangqalanga ubungakanani be-particle kunye ne-morphology ye-tungsten powder kwaye iyisalathisi esibalulekileyo sokuvavanya umsebenzi we-sintering, iimpawu zokutshatyalaliswa, kunye nokukwazi ukuphendula ngezinto ezinobungozi kunye ne-gaseous ngexesha lenkqubo ye-carbonization ye-tungsten powder. 

(5) Ukuxinana okuxekethileyo kunye nokuxinana okuxineneyo

Ukuxinana okuxekethileyo kunye noxinzelelo oludibeneyo lwepowder ye-tungsten yonyuka ngokunyuka kwe-particle ye-particle ye-powder. Ubudlelwane phakathi koxinaniso oluxekileyo lwe-tungsten powder oluveliswe yifektri ethile kunye nobukhulu bayo be-Fischers be-particle buboniswe kwiThebhile 4-4. Ukusabalalisa ubungakanani be-particle ye-powder, ubuninzi be-particle morphology, kwaye ubuninzi be-aggregation, buncinci ubuninzi obukhululekile. Ngokuqhelekileyo, iiparameters zenkqubo yenkqubo yokunciphisa zinokuhlengahlengiswa ukuyilawula.

(6) Ubumanzi

I-fluidity ye-tungsten powder ithonywa ubungakanani be-particle size, ukusabalalisa ubungakanani be-particle size, kunye ne-particle morphology. Okukhona kurhabaxa amasuntswana omgubo, okukhona kungqukuva amasuntswana, kunye nokugudiseka komphezulu, kokukhona kuphucuka ulwelo. I-fluidity ye-tungsten powder idla ngokulinganiswa ngesantya sokuhamba kweHolo, ebonakaliswa njengexesha elithatha i-50g ye-tungsten powder ukuba ihambe ngomngxuma omncinci ochaziweyo kwi-Hall flow meter. I-fluidity yepowder ichaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukulayishwa kwe-volumetric ngexesha lenkqubo yokucinezela kunye nokufana kwe-die-cast density. 

(7)Ukucinezeleka

I-Compressibility ibhekiselele kwisakhono se-tungsten powder ukunyanzeliswa phantsi kweemeko zokucinezela ezichaziweyo. Ngokuqhelekileyo kulinganiswa ngokubumba okusemgangathweni phantsi kweemeko zokuthambisa ezichaziweyo, kwaye ibonakaliswe ngobuninzi bepowder yemveliso ecinezelweyo phantsi koxinzelelo oluchaziweyo. Isenokumelwa yigrafu yegophe ebonisa utshintsho loxinaniso lwemveliso ecinezelweyo ngokucinezela uxinzelelo. 

(8) Ukubunjwa