Ungayehlisa Kanjani Imvamisa Yokushintsha Kwe-Cutter Ku-Tunnel Boring ukuze Usebenze Kahle

Imiklamo eyisicefe yomhubhe ivamise ukuvinjelwa amashejuli aqinile kanye nezindleko zokusebenza eziphezulu, lapho ukushintshwa kwe-cutter njalo kugqama njengesithiyo esibalulekile. Ushintsho ngalunye lomsiki aluvimbi nje kuphela inqubo eyisicefe amahora amaningi—ngezinye izikhathi ngisho nezinsuku—kodwa futhi lwandisa umfutho wabasebenzi, ukuguga kwemishini, kanye nezingozi zomsebenzi. Emaqenjini onjiniyela alwela ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokwakhiwa kanye nezindleko zokulawula, ukunciphisa imvamisa yokushintsha komsiki kube inhloso eyinhloko. Ngezansi kukhona amasu afakazelwe okufeza lo mgomo, ukuhlanganisa ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe, ukunemba kokusebenza, nokuphatha okusebenzayo.

1. Yenza Uphenyo Oluphelele Lwe-Geotechnical Lokukhetha Umsiki Ohlosiwe

Izimo zokwakheka komhlaba zomzila womhubhe zinquma ngokuqondile izinga lokuguga komsiki. Inhlolovo ye-geotechnical ekha phezulu ingaholela ezinhlotsheni zokusika ezingafani, okuholela ekulimaleni ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Ukuze ugweme lokhu:

Beka kuqala ukuhlola okungaphansi komhlaba okunemininingwane, okuhlanganisa ukuhlaziya ubulukhuni bedwala, ukuhuga, ukuminyana kokuphuka, kanye nokuba khona kwamaminerali abrasive (isb., i-quartz). Sebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe obufana ne-borehole imaging kanye nezinhlolovo zokuzamazama komhlaba ukuze wenze imephu yokuhlukahluka kokwakheka komhlaba ngokunembile.

Khetha abasiki abasuselwe kudatha ye-geological: Kumatshe aqinile, abrasive, khetha abasiki abanezinto ezingagugi njenge-tungsten carbide inserts noma amathiphu agqanyiswe idayimane; ukuze uthole ukwakheka okuthambile noma okuphukile, khetha abasiki abanejiyomethri yezinyo elungiselelwe ukuvimbela ukuvala nokunciphisa umonakalo womthelela.

Ezimweni ezixubile zejoloji, cabangela amasistimu wokusika amamojula avumela ukulungiswa okusheshayo kokucushwa komsiki ngaphandle kokushintshwa okugcwele, ukuzivumelanisa nokushintsha izici zamadwala ngesikhathi sokubhora.

2. Lungiselela Amapharamitha Ayisicefe Ukuze Unciphise Ingcindezi Engadingekile Yokusikwa

Imingcele yokusebenza engafanele iyimbangela enkulu yokusheshisa ukugqokwa komsiki. Ukulinganisa ukusebenza kahle okuyisicefe nokulondolozwa komsiki kudinga ukulawulwa kwepharamitha okunembile:

Lungisa izinga lokungena kanye nesivinini sokuzungeza ngokushintshashintshayo. Amazinga okungena aphezulu kakhulu akhuphula umthwalo wokusika, kuyilapho isivinini sokujikeleza esisheshayo sikhulisa ukuguga okuguquguqukayo. Sungula imininingo egciniwe yepharamitha esekelwe kumpendulo yesikhathi sangempela yejoloji, uqinisekise ukuthi umshini usebenza ngaphakathi "kwendawo yokuguga efanelekile."

Lawula i-thrush force ngokulinganayo. I-thrust engalingani ingabangela ukuthintana kwe-cutter okungalingani ne-rock face, okubangela ukugcwala kwendawo kanye nokwehluleka ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Sebenzisa amasistimu okulawula ama-thrust ukuze ugcine ingcindezi engaguquki kubo bonke abasiki.

Nciphisa ukudlidliza nokushaqeka. Faka izinto zokudambisa emshinini oyisicefe futhi ugweme ukuqala/ukuma kungazelelwe, njengoba ukudlidliza kungaxegisa izingxenye zokusika futhi kusheshise ukukhathala kwempahla.

3. Qalisa Ukugcinwa Kwesisiki Esisebenzayo Nokuqapha

Ukunakekela okuvimbelayo kusebenza kakhulu kunokushintsha okusebenzayo ekwehliseni isikhathi sokuphumula. Ukugcinwa okuhlelekile kanye nohlelo lokuqapha lunganweba impilo yomsiki kakhulu:

Yenza ukuhlolwa okuvamile okubonakalayo kanye nezilinganiso zokugqoka. Hlela ukuhlola okujwayelekile ngesikhathi sokungenzi lutho komshini ukuze uhlole ukuguga kwamazinyo, isimo sokuthwala, nokuqina kwebhawodi. Shintshanisa abasiki ngokuqhubekayo lapho ukuguga kufinyelela umkhawulo ochazwe ngaphambilini (isb., u-70% wokugqoka okuphezulu okuvunyelwe) kunokulinda ukwehluleka okuphelele.

Yamukela ubuchwepheshe bokuqapha besikhathi sangempela. Hlomisa abasiki ngezinzwa ukuze balandele izinga lokushisa, ukudlidliza, nokulayisha ngesikhathi sangempela. Hlanganisa idatha yenzwa nesistimu yokulawula yomshini ukuze uxwayise opharetha ngamaphethini okugqoka angavamile, okuvumela ukulungiswa okufika ngesikhathi noma ukulungiswa.

Gcina ukugcoba nokuhlanza okufanele. Qinisekisa ukuthi ama-cutter bearings kanye nezingxenye ezihambayo zigcotshwe ngokwanele ukuze kuncishiswe ukungqubuzana, futhi bahlanze abasiki njalo ukuze basuse imfucumfucu yamadwala engabangela ukuguga noma ukuvaleka.

4. Thuthukisa Idizayini Yokusikwa Nokuqanjwa Kwezinto Ezintsha

Isikhangisoama-vancements kubuchwepheshe bokusika anikeza izixazululo zesikhathi eside zokunciphisa imvamisa yokushintsha. Ukutshala imali kubasiki abasebenza kahle kakhulu kungaletha imbuyiselo enkulu ngempilo eyandisiwe yesevisi:

Khetha ama-cutters anezingubo ezisezingeni eliphezulu, njenge-titanium nitride (TiN) noma ikhabhoni efana nedayimane (i-DLC), ethuthukisa ukumelana nokuguga futhi enciphise ukushwiba.

Khetha amadizayini wokusika amamojula noma ashintshekayo. Lokhu kuvumela ukushintshwa kwezingxenye ezigugile kuphela (isb., amazinyo okusika) esikhundleni sawo wonke umhlangano wokusika, ukunciphisa udoti wezinto ezibonakalayo nesikhathi sokushintsha.

Hlanganyela nabakhiqizi bokusika ukuze uthuthukise izixazululo ezenziwe ngokwezifiso. Ezimweni ezihlukile zejoloji, imiklamo yokusika eyenzelwe wena—njengezikhala zamazinyo ezithuthukisiwe noma amasu akhethekile—ingathuthukisa ukumelana nokuguga kanye nokusebenza kukonke.

5. Qinisa Ukuqeqeshwa Kwabasebenzi futhi Umise Imikhuba Yokusebenza

Izici zobuntu zidlala indima ebalulekile empilweni eyisicefe kanye nokusebenza kahle okuyisicefe. Ama-opharetha aqeqeshwe kahle angabona izimpawu zokuqala zokuguga komsiki futhi alungise imisebenzi ngokufanele:

Nikeza ukuqeqeshwa okuphelele ekufundeni kwe-geotechnical, ukulungiswa kwepharamitha, nokugcinwa kwe-cutter. Qinisekisa ukuthi ama-opharetha ayaqonda ubudlelwano phakathi kwezinqumo zokusebenza nokusebenza okusikayo.

Misa izinqubo zokusebenza ezijwayelekile (ama-SOP) zokuqalisa, ukuvala shaqa, nokuhlola okujwayelekile. Nciphisa ukusebenza okunolaka okubeka phambili isivinini kunokugcinwa komsiki.

Gqugquzela isiko lokuxazulula izinkinga ngokushesha. Khuthaza opharetha ukuthi babike impatho engavamile yokusika ngokushesha futhi babambe iqhaza ezinhlelweni eziqhubekayo zokuthuthukisa, njengokwabelana ngemikhuba engcono kakhulu yokunciphisa ukuguga.

Isiphetho

Ukunciphisa imvamisa yokushintsha kwe-cutter ku-tunnel boring kuwumzamo onezici eziningi ohlanganisa ukuqonda kwe-geological, ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe, ukunakekela okusebenzayo, nokusebenza okunekhono. Ngokukhetha abasiki abafanelekile bomsebenzi, ukuthuthukisa imingcele yokusebenza, ukusebenzisa ukuqapha kwesikhathi sangempela, ukusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe, kanye nokutshala imali ekuqeqeshweni kwabasebenzisi, amaqembu onjiniyela anganweba kakhulu impilo yabasiki, anciphise isikhathi sokuphumula, futhi athuthukise ukusebenza kahle kwephrojekthi iyonke. Embonini lapho ukonga isikhathi kanye nezindleko kubaluleke kakhulu, lawa maqhinga awagcini nje ngokubhekana nenselele esheshayo yokushintshwa kwama-cutter njalo kodwa futhi afaka isandla ekulethweni ngempumelelo kwamaphrojekthi kamhubhe aphephile, angabizi kakhulu. Njengoba ubuchwepheshe obuyisicefe bomhubhe buqhubeka nokuvela, ukwamukela lezi zinqubo ezihamba phambili kuzohlala kungukhiye wokuhlala unokuncintisana kanye nokuzuza ukusebenza kahle.